History

Нand an extent of centuries Turkey was the center Osmanli the empire which have developed in XIV-XVI centuries. Empire Has existed prior to the beginning of XX century and has broken up after defeat in the First world war.

1923-eat to year the leader of nationalist movement Mustafa Kemal Ataturk has based modern Turkish Republic. The unique geographical position on a joint of the Europe and Asia is a source of influence of Turkey in region and allows her to supervise access to Black sea. Since 1952 Turkey - a member of NATO. Since 1999 Turkey has the official status of the country-candidate in members of the European Union. However three years later at the summit of EU to Ankara it has been declared, that negotiations about the introduction can begin not earlier the end of 2004, and only at presence of substantial improvement of position with human rights.

Since then Turkey has cancelled a death penalty and has carried out essential reforms in the field of the cultural rights of kurds, in particular educations and an announcement in kurdish language. To 1980-90 in the east and a southeast of the country there was a civil war between separatists of the Working party of Kurdistan and turkish armies in which was lost more than 30 thousand person. Leader РПК, Abdulla Ocalan, have been arrested in 1999 and sentenced to death with which have replaced with life imprisonment after the parliament of the country has cancelled a death penalty.

In 1999 РКП has declared intention to pass to peace means of conducting struggle. Turkish authorities, however, have named this application a propaganda trick. Since then РКП has replaced the name, at first on "the Congress for freedom and democracy in Kurdistan", and then on Конгра-Гел. Kurdish separatists already repeatedly (last time - in the beginning of summer of 2004) threatened to leave a mode of cease-fire after carrying out by turkish authorities of operations on destruction of insurgents. They also accuse the government that it and has not given to a kurdish community of the sufficient political and cultural rights.

After many years all of increased economic difficulties Turkey and IMF have coordinated the program which has caused many disputes of economic revival of the country in 2002. The government promised to carry out tax reform, to accelerate privatization and to reduce workplaces in public sector. In the autumn of 2003 action of a cabinet in this direction the praise of IMF have received.

The Nature and Geography Turkey mainly highland where powerful окраинные ridges surround high internal plateau, narrow plains borrow territory on periphery. But the nature and Turkey is very diverse and fascinating! Owing to geography of the country. The Population The First census spent in 1927, has registered 13 648 thousand inhabitants, parameters 1985, 1990 and 1997 were equaled accordingly (one thousand person): 24 112, 50 664 and 62 800. Annual demographic growth which made, hence, on the average 2,7 % during with 1927 on 1955 and 3,7 % with 1955 on 1985, has decreased to 1,5 % during with 1990 on 1997.

The political system and politics

The Turkish Republic has been proclaimed on October, 29th 1923. It has occured after a victory of national-liberation movement led by Мустафой Кемалем (known with 1934 as Ataturk) in war for independence to powers Antanty which have crushed Ottoman empire in the First world war, and with the Greek armies which Anatolys have tried to grasp a significant part.

Economy

Having declared the purpose creation of the modern secular state of the western type, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk has emphasized on progressive reforms in economy. The turkish state has got the railways built by the European companies still during Ottoman empire, has laid new and has connected them in a uniform national network.

National education

Secular education began to develop in the country after declaration of republic per 1923. Before the revolution which have been carried out Ататюрком, the majority of educational establishments has been concentrated in cities and was in hands of religious institutes. After declaration of republic all educational institutions send under the control of the state.

Religion 98 % the Turk - moslems, i.e. profess an islam, strictly adhering to religious practices. The islam in its all displays defines many spheres of a private and public life. Here you learn побробнее about religion the Islam and about she borrows what place in a modern life of Turks. Also you can find the helpful information on this subject. For example, a Muslim lunar calendar, religious holidays of Turkey, that such Кааба as in Turkey observe a post in sacred month Рамадан, Muslim names and their values, the Life of Prophet Mohammed, the Sacred Book of moslems - the Koran, that such намаз and many other things. Language Turkish language - the state language of Turkish republic - is one of members of Turkic family of languages and enters in oguzsko-seldjuk subgroup of oguzsk groups of Turkic languages.